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Skin Cancers and Our Dogs

As pet owners, our dog's health is always a top priority, but while we are vigilant about their diet, exercise, and regular vet check-ups, one area that may get overlooked is their skin. Just like humans, dogs can develop skin cancer, which, if left untreated, can lead to serious health complications. Understanding the types, causes, symptoms, and treatment options for skin cancers in dogs can help us become more proactive in looking after them.

Can dogs get skin cancer

Yes, dogs can get skin cancer. In fact, skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed in dogs. While that might sound alarming, early detection and treatment can make a big difference to the prognosis for affected dogs.

Causes of dog skin cancer

The exact cause of skin cancer in dogs can vary, but several factors have been identified as potential contributors:

Genetics: Certain breeds are more predisposed to skin cancer due to their genetic makeup.
Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays, especially in dogs with lighter fur and skin. It is better to avoid exposing your dog for longer than an hour to the sun when it is at its hottest, between 11am and 3pm.
Chemical Exposure: Contact with the carcinogenic chemicals that can be found in some environments. These can include tobacco smoke, smog or agricultural pesticides, which can be harmful if dogs are exposed to them for prolonged periods.
Age: Older dogs have a higher risk of developing skin cancer than younger dogs, simply because old age brings an increased risk of cancer and tumours.
Viruses: Some viral infections have been linked to the development of skin cancers in dogs.

Detecting skin cancer in dogs

Once you know what to look for, you can check your dog’s skin for anything unusual that should not be ignored. Choose a time when they are calm, and run your hands around their head, ears and jowls, then over the neck and chest. Look for anything suspicious such as lumps, wounds, scabs or growths. Do this when you are grooming your dog, and more regularly as they get older. If you act in time and get your pet to the vet, they can recommend a treatment plan. It is important to continue to monitor your dog so you can spot signs of any recurrence.

Signs and symptoms to look for

One of the most important things you can do as a dog owner is to regularly check your dog's skin for any unusual changes. Here are some signs and symptoms to watch out for:

Unusual scabs, lumps or bumps on the skin
Sores that do not heal
Changes in the size, shape, or colour of existing moles or skin lesions
Persistent itching or discomfort
Bleeding or discharge from skin lesions

What to do if your dog gets skin cancer

If you think your dog might have skin cancer, you need to act fast:

Consult Your Veterinarian: Make an appointment immediately. Your vet will likely perform a biopsy or other tests to determine if the growth or lesion is cancerous.
Follow Veterinary Advice: Based on the diagnosis, your vet will recommend a treatment plan, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
Monitor and Care: Keep a close eye on your dog’s condition and follow the prescribed treatment regimen. Monitor progress with regular check-ups and catch any potential recurrence early.

Types of skin cancers to look out for

Understanding the types of skin cancers can help you identify risks and symptoms. Here are the most common types of skin cancers in dogs:

Mast Cell Tumour

Mast cell tumours are among the most frequent skin cancers in dogs. They can appear as lumps or bumps on the skin of different sizes and shapes. These tumours can be aggressive and may spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly.

Melanoma

Melanomas are often malignant and can develop anywhere on the body, including the mouth and eyes. They may appear as dark, pigmented growths and can quickly spread to other organs.

SquamousCell Carcinoma

This type of cancer typically affects areas exposed to the sun, such as the nose, ears, and abdomen. Squamous cell carcinoma can appear as red, scaly patches or sores that don't heal.

Tumours of the Skin Glands

Skin glands, including sebaceous and sweat glands, can develop tumours. These growths may be benign or malignant and often appear as small, firm nodules.

Hair Follicle Tumours

Hair follicle tumours are usually benign, but they can sometimes become malignant. You will typically see small, raised masses on the skin.

Epitheliotropic Lymphoma

Epitheliotropic lymphoma affects the skin's lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. This cancer can cause widespread lesions, redness, and itchiness.

Treatment options available

Treatment for skin cancer in dogs depends on the type, location, and severity of the cancer. Common treatment options include:

Surgery: Removing the tumour is often the first line of treatment, especially if the cancer hasn’t spread.
Radiation Therapy: This can be effective for tumours that cannot be surgically removed or have spread to other areas.
Chemotherapy: Used to target cancer cells throughout the body, chemotherapy can work for aggressive or widespread cancers.
Immunotherapy: This newer form of treatment helps boost the dog's immune system to fight cancer cells more effectively.

Awareness and early detection are key to managing skin cancer in dogs. Regularly check your dog for any unusual lumps, bumps, or changes in their skin and consult your veterinarian if you notice anything suspicious. Early intervention and the right treatment will give your dog the best chance of recovery. For more information on looking after your dog’s health check out our blog

Signs Of Skin Cancer In Dogs